Does More CO2 = More Heat?

Revisiting the Complex Relationship between CO2 and Climate.

The debate on climate change often centers around the correlation between atmospheric CO2 and Earth’s temperature. A figure from a study in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences suggests that this relationship may not be as straightforward as often perceived.

The figure under consideration plots atmospheric CO2 levels against geological time. I have overlaid periods labeled as ‘Relatively Warm’ and ‘Relatively Cool’, providing a visual representation of Earth's climate states alongside CO2 concentrations. Notably, the figure indicates that there are instances when high levels of CO2 do not align with warmer climates and vice versa.